Jamshedpur is the headquarters of the East Singhbhum district of Jharkhand. According to the 2011 census of India, East
Singhbhum (Jamshedpur & Seraikela-Kharsawan) district has current
population of 1,337,131; the Jamshedpur urban agglomeration (UA), which includes the adjoining areas, Jamshedpur Urban Area is the
third Largest place in Eastern India . It is located on the Chota Nagpur plateau and is surrounded by the picturesque Dalma Hills. The city is bordered
by the rivers Subarnarekha and Kharkai on the north and west parts of the city.
Jamshedpur has been predicted as the
84th fastest growing city in the world for the timeframe 2006–2020 with average
annual growth of 2.59%.
Etymology
In 1919 Lord Chelmsford named the city, which was early a village called Sakchi, to Jamshedpur in
honour of its founder,Jamsetji Tata, whose birthday is celebrated on 3 March as Founder's Day. J. N. Tata
had written to his son Dorabji Tata about his vision of a great city in the
area. On Founders Day, the 225-acre (0.91 km2) Jubilee Park is
decorated with brilliant lightwork for about a week.
The city has several nicknames,
including "Industrial capital of Jharkhand" (spontaneous among native
youngsters); "Steel City" (which was referenced during Tata Steel's
"Green City—Clean City—Steel City" campaign); "Tatanagar"
after the name of its railway station or simply "Tata" in deference
to the presence of Tata companies. At one time it was also
known as "Kalimati" (meaning "Land of Goddess Kali") after
the village near the Sakchi area. Sakchi was renamed to Jamshedpur in 1919.[3] The only trace of the name is the
main road through Sakchi area of Jamshedpur which is named Kalimati Road.
At the end of 19th century, Jamsetji Tata met steelmakers in Pittsburgh to get the most advanced technology
for his plant. It is said that he got the idea of building a steel plant when
he heard Thomas Carlyle declaring that "the nation which
gains control of iron soon acquires the control of gold" in a lecture in
Manchester.[4] At the turn of the twentieth century, Jamshetji Tata asked geologist Charles Page Perin to help him find the site to build
India's first steel plant. The search for a site rich in iron, coal, limestone
and water began in April 1904 in today's Madhya Pradesh.
The prospectors C. M. Weld, Dorabji Tata and Shapurji Saklatvala took nearly three years in a painstaking search across vast stretches of
inhospitable terrain to find a location. One day they came across a village
called Sakchi, on the densely forested stretches of the Chota Nagpur plateau, near the
confluence of the Subarnarekha and Kharkai rivers. It seemed to be the ideal
choice and the place was selected.[5]
In 1908 the construction of the plant
as well as the city officially began.[5] The first steel ingot was rolled on
16 February 1912. It was a momentous day in the history of industrial India.[6]
Jamsetji's plan for the city was
clear. He envisioned far more than a mere row of workers hutments. He insisted
upon building all the comforts and conveniences a city could provide. As a
result, many areas in the city are well planned and there are public leisure
places such as the Jubilee Park. While building the city, Jamsetji Tata had
said, "Be sure to lay wide streets planted with shady trees, every other
of a quick growing variety. Be sure that there is plenty of space for lawns and
gardens; reserve large areas for football, hockey and parks; earmark areas for Hindu temples, Muslim mosques and Christian
churches."
Messrs Julin Kennedy Sahlin from
Pittsburgh prepared the first layout of the town of Jamshedpur.[7] What the city looks like today is a
testament to his visionary plans.[8] Jamshedpur is the only million plus
city in India without a municipal corporation.
Legend has it that in the late 1980s
when the state government proposed a law to end the Tatas' administration of
Jamshedpur and bring the city under a municipality, the local populace rose in
protest and defeated the government's proposal. In 2005, a similar proposal was
once again put up by lobbying politicians. The target audience was the working
class. A large majority sided with the government and set up protest meetings
outside the East-Singhbhum Deputy Commissioner's office. However, the objective
was never achieved and Jamshedpur remains without a municipality.[9][10][11]
Jamshedpur is situated in the
southern end of the state of Jharkhand and is bordered by the states of
Orissa and West Bengal. The average elevation of the city is 135 metres[12]while the range is from 129 m to 151 m.[13] Total geographical area of Jamshedpur
is 150 km square.[14] Jamshedpur is primarily located in a
hilly region and is surrounded by the Dalma Hills running from west to east and covered with dense forests. The other
smaller hill ranges near the city are Ukam Hill and the Jadugoda-musabani hill
range.[15] The city is also a part of the larger Chota Nagpur Plateau region. The region is formed of the sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous
rocks belonging to the Dharwarian period.
Jamshedpur is located at the
confluence of Kharkai and Subarnarekha Rivers. Subarnarekha is the principal
river of Jamshedpur, which flows from west to south-eastern part of the
territory. Many small rivers, especially the tributaries, join the Subarnarekha
river in this area. Kharkai flows from the south and joins the Subarnarekha
river at a place calledDomuhani. The two rivers are the major sources of
drinking water and groundwater for the city. Several lakes of varying size are
also located near the fringes of the city. The major of them being the Dimna
lake located in between the Dalma range and the Sitarampur reservoir situated
beside Kharkai river.[16] Both of them also act as reservoirs
for drinking water in the city.
The city falls under deciduous type
of forest region and the green cover is estimated to be around 33% of the total
land area.[17] The city falls under the Seismic Zone II
region.[18]
Climate
Jamshedpur features a tropical wet and dry climate (Köppen: Aw). Summers
start in mid-March and can be extremely hot in May and June. The temperature
variation during summer is from 35 to 49 °C (95 to 120 °F). The
minimum temperature during winters is 1 °C (34 °F). The climate of
Jamshedpur is marked by south-west monsoon. Jamshedpur gets heavy rainfall from
July to September and receives about 1,200 mm (47 in) of rainfall
annually.
|
Climate data for Jamshedpur, India
(1971–2000)
|
|||||||||||||
|
Month
|
Jan
|
Feb
|
Mar
|
Apr
|
May
|
Jun
|
Jul
|
Aug
|
Sep
|
Oct
|
Nov
|
Dec
|
Year
|
|
Record high °C (°F)
|
34.6
(94.3) |
38.6
(101.5) |
42.5
(108.5) |
46.3
(115.3) |
46.5
(115.7) |
46.6
(115.9) |
39.7
(103.5) |
38.6
(101.5) |
36.0
(96.8) |
35.8
(96.4) |
34.8
(94.6) |
32.5
(90.5) |
46.6
(115.9) |
|
Average high °C (°F)
|
26.2
(79.2) |
29.0
(84.2) |
34.2
(93.6) |
38.6
(101.5) |
38.8
(101.8) |
35.9
(96.6) |
32.3
(90.1) |
31.8
(89.2) |
32.1
(89.8) |
31.6
(88.9) |
29.1
(84.4) |
26.2
(79.2) |
32.2
(90) |
|
Average low °C (°F)
|
11.5
(52.7) |
14.2
(57.6) |
18.4
(65.1) |
23.4
(74.1) |
25.5
(77.9) |
25.7
(78.3) |
25.3
(77.5) |
25.1
(77.2) |
24.6
(76.3) |
21.7
(71.1) |
16.5
(61.7) |
11.6
(52.9) |
20.4
(68.7) |
|
Record low °C (°F)
|
4.4
(39.9) |
6.0
(42.8) |
10.0
(50) |
16.2
(61.2) |
17.7
(63.9) |
16.4
(61.5) |
20.7
(69.3) |
18.4
(65.1) |
18.9
(66) |
11.2
(52.2) |
6.6
(43.9) |
4.5
(40.1) |
4.4
(39.9) |
|
14.7
(0.579) |
26.8
(1.055) |
33.0
(1.299) |
36.2
(1.425) |
79.5
(3.13) |
267.7
(10.539) |
331.1
(13.035) |
354.7
(13.965) |
260.5
(10.256) |
80.5
(3.169) |
10.1
(0.398) |
13.5
(0.531) |
1,508.5
(59.39) |
|
|
Average rainy days
|
1.6
|
1.9
|
2.5
|
3.3
|
5.8
|
11.7
|
16.1
|
16.3
|
11.8
|
4.4
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
77.5
|
Demographics
At the 2011 census of India,[21] Jamshedpur city proper had a
population of 725,623, but the Jamshedpur Urban Agglomeration had a population
of 1,337,131. The city is designated as a Million Plus Urban Agglomeration as
per Government terminology.[22] Males constitute 52.1% of the
population and females 47.9%. Tribals constitute around 28% of the population.
Jamshedpur has an average literacy rate of 85.94% - higher than the national
average of 74%. In Jamshedpur, 11.5% of the population is under six years of
age.[23]
Economy
Jamshedpur is home to the first
private iron and steel company of India. The areas surrounding Jamshedpur are
rich in minerals, including iron ore, coal, manganese bauxite and lime. It is a modern, industrial city; the main industries being iron and steel, truck
manufacturing, tinplate production, cement and other small and medium scale
industries revolving around these products.
The largest factory is that of Tata
Steel (the erstwhile Tata Iron and Steel Company or TISCO), situated almost at
the center of the city. Tata Steel is the largest iron and steel producing
plant in India, as well as the oldest
Tata Steel has won the Prime
Minister's Trophy for Best Integrated Steel Plant for a record six times and
the Deming Prize for major advances in quality
improvement.
The other major factory in the city
is Tata Motors with Telcon, which manufactures heavy vehicles and construction/earth moving
equipment. Tata Motors was previously called The Tata Engineering and
Locomotive Company (TELCO), as railway locomotives were once manufactured here.
The plant spreads over 822 acres, is one of the largest in the country, and at
peak rate can roll out 450 vehicles per day.
Civic
administration
The civic administration of the city
is under multiple hands. They are
·
Jamshedpur Notified Area Committee (JNAC)
·
Jamshedpur Utilities and Services Company JUSCO, a Tata Steel subsidiary
·
Gamharia Nagar Panchayat
JNAC is divided into two parts, one
is the Tata lease area while the other is the non-Tata lease area. The leased
area which is 41 km² is managed by JUSCO while the rest is managed by JNAC
itself.
MNAC looks after the residential
regions of Mango and Pardih, 18 km2 in area.
AMC looks after the 49 km2 of Adityapur region comprising the residential as well the industrial
belt.
The government is considering creating
a unified municipal administrative body called the Jamshedpur Urban
Agglomeration or JUA. The proposed body would comprise the areas currently
under the Jamshedpur Notified Area, Adityapur Municipal corporation, Mango
Notified Area, Jugsalai Municipality and the towns of Parsudih, Ghorabanda,
Chhota Govindpur, Hurlung, Luabasa, Dhanchatani, Chhota Gamharia, Gadra,
Sarjamdah, Haludbani, Kitadih, Nandup and Bagbera, which are a part of the
Jamshedpur Block, East Singhbhum and Gamharia Block, Seraikela-Kharsawan. The JUA would
cover an area of 150 km square
Railways
Tatanagar Junction is a railway junction and a model station on the Chakradharpur division, of the South Eastern
Railway
National Highway 33
Jamshedpur is connected to other
parts of India through national and state highways. The major highways are:
·
National Highway 33 (NH33) touches the city and connects it to Mumbai and further joins the NH32, which connects with Kolkata-DelhiNH2, NH33 and NH6
connects it to Kharagpur, Kolkata.
·
Marine Drive 4 lane Expressway connects Adityapur Toll Bridge to Mango
via Kadma, Sonari through the western corridors of Jamshedpur.
Airport
Sonari Airport is a tiny airport serving the city at
present. It is spread over a 25-acre area in the Sonari area of the city. The
airport is primarily used for bringing in chartered planes of TATA group.
Tata Steel had in proposed to set up
a 600-acre (2.4 km2) Greenfield airport on the outskirts of Jamshedpur in Adityapur-Seraikela region. In
June 2011 Tata Steel and TRIL entered formally into a joint venture for
building the airport.[27] The new airport will be of
international standard with a 10,000 ft runway, it will have the capacity
to allow commercial airliners such as the Airbus A320 to land and take off which
was not possible from the present airport.[28] As of Dec 2012, Land acquisition
process has started for the Airport. Out of 528 acres of required land 90% is
owned by Govt. whereas rest is private land. The company is at present facing
opposition in the acquisition process from the local villagers.
Education
and research
[[XLRI Learning Center.thumb|XLRI, in Jamshedpur, is
ranked among the best B-schools in India.]] Notable institutes in the city
include XLRI Xavier School
of Management, founded in 1949; Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College, established in
1961; and the engineering college National Institute
of Technology, Jamshedpur, an Institute of
National Importance.[30][31]
The National
Metallurgical Laboratory (NML), one of the 38 Council of
Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)
laboratories, was inaugurated on 26 November 1950 byJawaharlal Nehru.[32]
Shavak Nanavati Technical Institute (SNTI),
established in 1921 as the technical training department of Tata Steel, now
develops skilled employees for other companies as well. Its 400,000 volume
library is one of the most popular in the city.
Sports
Jamshedpur has a reputation as the
sports capital of Jharkhand with Tata Steel promoting sporting activities.
Jamshedpur's private clubs provide opportunities for activities, such as golf,
tennis, squash, billiards, horse riding and water scootering.
JRD Tata Sports Complex has an international standard multi-use stadium and an eight-lane
monosynthetic track. It is primarily used for football and athletics but it has
facilities for various other sports including archery, basketball, field
hockey, swimming, table tennis, tennis, volleyball as well as a modern
gymnasium, are available at the complex. The stadium hosted the women football
competition & archery event of the 34th National Games in 2011.
Keenan Stadium has a backdrop of the Dalma Hills,
providing a picturesque setting for cricket. The stadium is named after John
Lawrence Keenan, a former general manager at Tata Steel. The stadium hosted its
1st International One Day Cricket match on 7 December 1983 in which India lost
to the touring West Indies Team. Many other International matches have been
played here in which India has won only one match against South Africa in
1999–2000. Yuvraj Singh scored his first class highest score
of 358 against Bihar at this ground before being selected for the National Team
to play the ICC Knock Out Trophy in 2000.
Tata Football Academy (TFA) was started in 1987 to nurture
budding Indian footballers and raise the standard of Indian football. TFA is a
football club in Jamshedpur, sponsored by Tata Steel. Today, Tata Football
Academy is one of the premier football breeding grounds in India.
Tata Archery Academy: archery is a
sport indigenous to the tribal people of Chhotanagpur and Santhal Pargana. Tata Steel has
pursued and nurtured the local tribals and provided them with facilities and
training to bring them up to international competition standards in archery.
Its students have attributed a lot of fame to the institute by bringing in many
medals in National and International competitions.
Jamshedpur has two golf courses—the
Beldih Golf Course and the Golmuri Golf Course. Both these courses are at the
heart of the city. The biggest is the Beldih Golf Course which is around 6000
yards. The Golmuri Golf Course although smaller is also challenging. They
together hold the annual Tata Open Golf
Tournament which is an event held under the
support of the Professional Golf
Tour of India. The tournament was started in 2002.
Media
Print media
English, Hindi, and Urdu newspapers are
published from the city, including Dainik Jagran, Qaumi Tanzeem, Aalami Sahara, The Telegraph, Dainik Bhaskar, Hindustan, Prabhat Khabar and The Avenue Mail
Notable people
Hello, my name is Jack Sparrow. I'm a 50 year old self-employed Pirate from the Caribbean.
No comments:
Post a Comment
Thanks for commenting. This will help us in making our content more useful to you.